大都好物不坚牢,彩云易散琉璃脆: 巴黎圣母院躲过了战争却没能躲过和平年代的大火
在2004年上映的电影《爱在日落黄昏时》里，男女主人公杰西和席琳有这样一番对话：
从没想过有一天，电影里的对白竟一语成谶。
当地时间4月15日下午，有着850多年历史的巴黎圣母院突然发生火灾。
据法国媒体《世界报》报道，大火从巴黎圣母院的楼顶开始燃烧，火势很快蔓延，熊熊火焰从教堂两座钟楼间窜出，塔尖随后轰然倒塌。
A catastrophic fire on Monday engulfed Notre-Dame cathedral in Paris, gutting and destroying the landmark's spire, stunning France and the world.
参与救援的消防员表示，因为巴黎圣母院目前进行一项修缮工程，火灾现场堆积了大量工程所用的脚手架和杂物，脚手架着火可能是导致本次大火的原因。
The cause of the inferno remains unclear but firefighters said it could be linked to a 6.8-million-U.S.-dollar restoration and cleaning project that is currently under way.
法国总统马克龙在事发后赶到现场。他表示，巴黎圣母院发生大火，“整个国家都感到心情沉痛”。
“我可以向你们保证，我们会一起重建大教堂。这也许是法国的使命之一。这将会在接下来的几年中进行。从明天开始，一个全国性捐赠计划将会开启。”
French President Emmanuel Macron visited the site on Monday night and vowed to restore the iconic building.
"We'll all rebuild this cathedral together and it's undoubtedly part of the French destiny and the project we'll have for the coming years," said Macron.
French billionaire Francois-Henri Pinault with his wife Salma Hayek. /AFP Photo
法国开云集团主席兼CEO弗朗索瓦-亨利·皮诺(François-Henri Pinault)发表声明称，其家族将捐款1亿欧元用于修复巴黎圣母院。
Billionaire François-Henri Pinault, chairman and CEO of the Kering group that owns the Gucci, Balenciaga and Yves Saint Laurent fashion brands, has already pledged to donate 100 million euros towards rebuilding Notre-Dame.
Some of the statues atop Paris' Notre-Dame Cathedral have been removed as part of the restoration project of the spire, April 11, 2019. / Reuters Photo
不幸中的万幸，巴黎圣母院大教堂的主体框架和长方形塔楼得以幸存；院内的部分历史文物和雕塑由于维修工程，此前已经撤出建筑。
Firefighters managed to save the iconic Gothic building's main stone structure, including its two towers, but the spire and roof collapsed.
The 16 greenish-gray copper statues atop Notre-Dame Cathedral survived the fire, as they were removed as part of the restoration project last week.
A significant collection of artwork and holy objects inside the cathedral was rescued from the flame. /AP Photo
巴黎圣母院主教帕特里克·肖维在接受采访时还表示，包括荆棘王冠在内的部分珍贵文物也已获救。
According to Patric Chauvet, Archpriest of Notre Dame Cathedral, a crown of thorns believed by Catholics to have been worn by Jesus during the crucifixion was among the items saved. A significant collection of artwork and holy objects inside the cathedral was rescued from the flame as well.
此外，去年11月份去世的艺术家安德鲁·塔伦(Andrew Tallon), 已经在生前完成了巴黎圣母院的扫描工作，他创建的网站可以看到圣母院各个角度的建筑全景、3D和细节图片，这些数字资料也将为重建工作提供一些帮助。
Art historian Andrew Tallon had used laser scanners to create an immaculately accurate model and 3D map of Notre-Dame, with which people can see every surface and internal feature of the building. His work will hold out hope for accurate reconstruction.
“全人类的文化灾难”
世界各国领导人也纷纷在个人社交账号上表达震惊和惋惜，称这场大火对法国和整个欧洲来说都是一场“灾难”。
BBC也在一篇报道中做了各大报纸头版汇总，题目为“世界为巴黎圣母院哭泣”。
在社交网络上，也随处可见各国网友们对于这场“文明浩劫”的痛心。
World leaders expressed their shock, horror and dismay over the fire ravaging the 850-year-old building.
"Notre Dame [sic] belongs to the whole of humanity. It has inspired writers, painters, philosophers and visitors who have come from all round the world," said EU Commission head Jean Claude Juncker
UK Prime Minister Theresa May tweeted "My thoughts are with the people of France tonight and with the emergency services who are fighting the terrible blaze at Notre-Dame Cathedral."
German Chancellor Angela Merkel called Notre-Dame cathedral a "symbol of European culture".
On social media sites like Instagram and Twitter, net users across the world shared cherished memories of their visits to this beloved structure.
文化瑰宝“巴黎夫人”
巴黎圣母院的法文原名是"Notre Dame"，中文直译为“我的夫人”，指圣母玛利亚。法国人民也将巴黎圣母院称为“巴黎夫人”。大火发生后，法国媒体用"en proie aux flames"(“受大火蹂躏”)这样的语句来表达灼心之痛。
巴黎圣母院始建于1163年，于1345年落成。它是欧洲历史上第一座完全哥德式的教堂，具有划时代的意义。
教堂采用石材建造，外形高耸挺拔，内部有众多精美的雕刻和绘画。此外，巴黎圣母院还收藏了大量13-17世纪艺术珍品。
法国著名作家维克多·雨果曾在小说《巴黎圣母院》中对巴黎圣母院大教堂有过充满诗意的描绘，称其为“石头的交响乐”。它也是巴黎最富盛名的旅游景点之一，每年吸引了1300多万游客。
Notre-Dame's foundation stone was laid in 1163 and the cathedral was completed in the 1345. It is considered a feat of Gothic-style architecture, as well as a major religious and cultural symbol of France.
It enjoyed worldwide fame due to the success of French writer Victor Hugo's novel "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" in 1831. The cathedral is also one of Paris's most popular attractions, drawing an estimated 13 million visitors a year.
“光影中的圣母院”
巴黎圣母院也曾在多部经典电影中出现。重温影像中的巴黎圣母院，或许能给此刻的我们带来些许慰藉。
The landmark is not just a place of worship or cultural symbol. It has also delivered inspiration to prestigious filmmakers, such as Woody Allen, John Woo and Jean-Pierre Jeunet.
巴黎圣母院
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1939)
巴黎假期
Paris When It Sizzles (1964)
巴黎圣母院
Notre-Dame de Paris (1982)
纵横四海
Once a Thief(1991)
钟楼怪人
The Hunchback of Notre Dame(1997)
天使爱美丽
Le fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain(2001)
爱在日落黄昏时
Before Sunset (2004)
猫在巴黎
Une vie de chat(2010)
午夜巴黎
Midnight in Paris (2011)
“那些毁在天灾人祸中的文化遗产，是人类文明的叹息！”
巴黎圣母院的悲惨经历，或许给人们敲响警钟，提醒着人们要加强对文化遗产的保护。近年来，天灾人祸吞噬了许多人类共同的文化财富。
The fire gutting Notre-Dame might also sound the alarm for people and remind us to better protect those symbols of human accomplishment.
In recent years, some of the world's most important historical, cultural and natural sites were already battered by war and disasters. For example, "Yellow Vest" protesters smashed the statue of the Marianne, the symbol of the French republic, which is displayed at the entrance of the Arc de Triomphe museum, on December 1, 2018. A huge fire broke out at the National Museum of Brazil in Rio de Janeiro on September 2, 2018, destroying its collection of more than 20 million items, ranging from archaeological finds to historical memorabilia.
近年来文化遗产损毁概览
2018年12月1日，法国“黄马甲”运动的示威者，冲进巴黎市中心凯旋门博物馆实施打砸抢行为，并且击毁了博物馆入口处、法兰西共和国象征的玛丽安雕像。
2018年9月2日，有200年历史的巴西国家博物馆发生大火。馆藏2000万件藏品多数被毁。
2017年11月30日，联合国教科文组织总干事奥德蕾·阿祖莱向联合国安理会通报，位于阿拉伯国家的82处世界遗产中，已有17处因为遭受战乱威胁而列入“濒危清单”。
2015年4月，尼泊尔发生8.1级强烈地震，多处世界文化遗产严重受损。
2003年12月，伊朗南部克尔曼省发生地震，有2000多年历史的世界文化遗产巴姆古堡在地震中几乎被完全摧毁。
2001年，阿富汗塔利班政权不顾国际舆论强烈抗议，用炸药和大炮摧毁两尊巴米扬大佛。
点击阅读原文，看巴黎圣母院大火前VS大火后